Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. Compared with human melanoma, which is mostly caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays, canine melanoma is mainly caused by age, environment, and genetic factors. Canine melanomas are classified according to the location of their appearance, mainly divided into skin melanoma, oral melanoma, ocular melanoma, and subungual melanoma. Among them, oral melanoma accounts for the majority (about 80%), and there is a 70–80% possibility that it is a malignant tumor.

The current MAO management often involves surgery and interventional bronchoscopy. The routine interventional options include brachytherapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, electrocautery, balloon dilatation, and airway stent placing. Although many options are available, each option provides various effectiveness, and has its own advantages and disadvantages. So far there is no effective medicine for interventional options to relieve MAO.

MPE is the buildup of fluid and cancer cells between the chest wall and the lung. Depending on the degree of malignancy, a great amount of fluid may compress lung causing dyspnea, cough and chest pain and severely reducing patient’s quality of life

As for mid-stage liver cancer, currently there is no recommended effective therapy for those patients owing to not being suitable for standard treatment TACE or TACE treatment failure. Given that the progression of liver cancer can be accelerated to late-stage within one year, there are medical needs for an effective and safe treatment option to slow down the disease progression. PTS here may provide a brand new treatment option for liver cancer patients in this stage.

Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) of the airway is a rare form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it usually occurs in the ducts of the mucous glands of the main trachea. ACC predominately grows in the trachea, frequently presenting with obstructive airway symptoms. Patients most frequently present with dyspnea due to this growth pattern, which is followed by other symptoms of upper airway obstruction, such as respiratory failure and potentially fatal malignant airway obstruction (MAO).